The exact procedure for liquid penetrant testing can vary from case to case depending on several factors such as the penetrant system being used, the size and. Penetrant inspection features penetrant inspection is used for the detection of discontinuities, such as lack of fusion, corrosion, cracks, laps, cold shuts, and porosity, that are open or connected to the surface of the component under examination. Liquid penetrant exams check for material flaws open to the surface by flowing very thin liquid into the flaw and then drawing the liquid out with a chalklike developer. Penetrant inspection systems are designed for testing parts of equipment or machinery for defects or inconsistencies. They are nondestructive testing methods for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts.
Pdf fullyautomated liquid penetrant inspection line simulation. When proper health and safety precautions are followed, liquid penetrant inspection operations can be completed without harm to inspection personnel. Liquid penetrant examination lpe, also referred to as penetrant testing pt, liquid penetrant testing lp, and dye penetrant testing dp, is a nondestructive examination nde method that utilizes fluorescent dye to reveal surface flaws on parts and equipment which might not otherwise be visible. Among the various methods of nondestructive testing, liquid penetrant is mainly applicable to metallic materials and detects discontinuities of size greater than. Basic processing steps of a liquid penetrant inspection. Finally, the cracks in concrete are detected by the visual inspection process. The process involves applying a penetrant chemical, visible or fluorescent, directly to the part thats to be inspected. Liquid dyepenetranttestinspectionfreendtsampleprocedure. If penetrant pulls back in droplets stop and clean part again. Nov 01, 2010 liquid penetrant inspection lpi, also known as dye penetrant inspection dpi or penetrant testing pt, was first developed in the early 1940s to detect flaws on the surface of materials. Whether you are testing small, highvolume automotive parts or tolerancecritical surgical implants, we have the penetrant inspection equipment and supplies to meet the demands of your application. Overview of liquid penetrant inspection and magnetic.
Magnaflux a division of itw ltd faraday road, south dorcan industrial estate, swindon, wiltshire, sn3 5he, uk tel. Compact penetrant testing equipment for low volume liquid penetrant inspection. This method is used to reveal surface discontinuities by bleed out of a colored or fluorescent dye from the flaw. Liquid penetrant inspection lpi, also known as dye penetrant inspection dpi or penetrant testing p t, was first developed in the early 1940s to detect flaws on the surface of materials. Liquid penetrant inspection liquid penetrant testing code. The importance of liquid penetrant inspection liquid penetrant inspection is a nondestructive test method which does not harm the parts being inspected. Nde liquid penetrant and magnetic particle inspection twi. Ndt procedure for liquid penetrant inspection a nondestructive testing ndt procedure suitable for general liquid dye penetrant inspections. Volume 1, liquid penetrant testing differs from the third edition in many ways. Liquid penetrant inspection lpi, also known as dye penetrant inspection dpi or penetrant testing pt, was first developed in the early 1940s to detect flaws on the surface of materials. Dye penetrant inspection, also called liquid penetrant inspection lpi or penetrant testing pt, is a widely applied and lowcost inspection method used to locate surfacebreaking defects in all nonporous materials metals, plastics, or ceramics. Lpi is a portable surface inspection method, allowing our engaged experts to conduct comprehensive onsite penetrant inspection. When conducting visible liquid penetrant inspection the minimum ambient white daylight, or indoor facility light intensity at the inspection surface.
Standard test method for liquid penetrant examination se165 identical with astm speci. All penetrant should be removed with clean, dry, lintfree rags until thoroughly clean. Liquid penetrant processes are nondestructive testing methods for detecting discontinuities that are open to surface. Health and safety precautions in liquid penetrant inspection.
Liquid dye penetrant test inspection free ndt sample. After the elapse of penetrant dwell time, the excess penetrant is removed by water spray. They are routinely applied in several phases of design, development and implementation of aeronautic structures. The article 6 of asme code section v introduces two techniques with the total of 6 processes as followings. A nondestructive testing ndt procedure suitable for general. Pt is a nondestructive examination method used to locate surface breaking discontinuities in nonporous materials metals, plastics, or. Liquid penetrant test, also known as dye penetrant inspection dpi or liquid penetrant inspection lpi, is a nondestructive testing method. A liquid penetrant, which may be a visible red liquid or a fluorescent yellowgreen liquid, is applied evenly over the surface being examined and allowed to enter open discontinuities.
Procedure used for surface inspection of hull welds. It may be used on such materials as aluminum, magnesium, brass, copper, cast iron, steel, stainless steel, carbides, stellite, certain plastics and ceramics. Penetrant inspection, continuousoperation production lines in which the specimens are cleaned, dipped, washed, dried, etc on a time cycle are common. Complex shapes can be immersed or sprayed with penetrant to provide complete surface coverage. When conducting visible liquid penetrant inspection the minimum ambient white daylight, or indoor facility light intensity at the inspection surface shall be 100. Dye penetration and visual inspection techniques duration. Liquid dye penetrant magnetic inspection laboratory, inc. Nov 28, 2016 liquid dye penetrant test inspection freendtsample procedure 1. The advantage that a liquid penetrant inspection offers over an unaided visual inspection is that it makes defects easier to see for the inspector.
The part or material should be rubbed vigorously until the penetrant is not visible on the dry rags. A dye penetrant inspection is a nondestructive inspection method where liquid penetrates in defects by capillary action which are accessible on the surface. V22a, 6th main, 2nd stage, peenya industrial estate, bangalore560058, india. Fullyautomated liquid penetrant inspection line 83. The technique works via the principle of capillary action, a process where a liquid. Sherwin high temperature visible penetrant expendables. Feb 27, 2018 dye penetration and visual inspection techniques duration. One of the most critical steps of a liquid penetrant inspection is the surface preparation.
Dye penetrant inspection dp, also called liquid penetrate inspection lpi or penetrant testing pt, is a widely applied and lowcost inspection method used to check surfacebreaking defects in all nonporous materials metals, plastics, or ceramics. Astm e1417 also establishes the required tests and testing frequency for inuse penetrant materials. Liquid penetrant inspection can be used on a wide variety of materials. Liquid penetrant inspection lpi, or dye penetrant inspection, is a reliable, efficient, and costeffective method for detecting surface flaws of welds, castings, and other components that cannot be destroyed. Pt is a nondestructive examination method used to locate surface breaking discontinuities in nonporous materials metals, plastics, or ceramics. Liquid penetrant testing1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Liquid penetrant testing pt is used to detect casting, forging and welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface porosity, leaks in new products, and fatigue cracks on inservice components. Sae ams 2644 inspection material, penetrant covers the qualification, classification, and test procedures for all. Welds are the most common item inspected, but plate, bars, pipes, castings, and forgings are also commonly inspected using liquid penetrant examination. Standalone penetrant testing equipment for moderate volume liquid penetrant inspection.
However, there are a number of health and safety related issues that must be addressed. Liquid penetrant lpi and magnetic particle mpi inspection techniques are methods that supplement visual inspection, revealing defects such as fine cracks or microporosity that would be invisible or difficult to detect by the naked eye. The testing methods detect cracks, fractures, laps, seams and other flaws that are open to the surface that may have been caused. Magnaflux liquid penetrant inspection lpi systems have been engineered for critical part testing in industries with high inspection tolerances. A new chapter on the fluorescent technique and ultraviolet radiation has been added, sections covering safety, materials, and probability of detection have been significantly updated, as have citations to applicable standards. Lpi is a simple, cheap and easily portable inspection method that requires no equipment apart from spray.
Ndt procedure for liquid penetrant inspection a nondestructive testing ndt procedure suitable for general liquiddye penetrant inspections. Advantages and capabilities of liquid penetrant inspection. Liquid penetrant inspection the british institute of non. Liquid penetrant inspection is capable of examining all of the exterior surfaces of objects. Penetrant inspection liquid penetrant examination macon. Apply penetrant spray or brush the part or section to be inspected so that surface is covered with penetrant. This ndt inspection method can be performed on a variety of components, including various metal alloys, plastics, composites, fired ceramics and glass. This method of inspection works on the principle of capillary action. Nov 30, 2015 liquid penetrant testing is one of the oldest and simplest ndt methods. For years, this has been far and away the most applied method for checking surface defects in metals and nonporous materials using liquid.
Liquid dyepenetranttestinspectionfreendtsampleprocedure 1. Liquid penetrant and magnetic particle testing at level 2. Liquid penetrant inspection pt is a nondestructive testing method that uses both fluorescent and red dyes to allow surface defects of a given material to be more easily seen by the inspector. Repeat this procedure with additional wiping until residual surface penetrant has been removed. Liquid penetrant inspection lpi or pt for penetrant testing is used to inspect materials, parts and weldments for opentosurface discontinuities on any nonporous material. Although there are more options in the way the test is performed, the basic principles have not changed over the years. Liquid penetrant inspection report an ndt inspection test report, useful for documenting observations of liquid dye penetrant examinations format no. This is a sample lpt procedure and may be required to be modified as per specific requirements. Liquid penetrant testing detecting flaws on nonporous surfaces. In the event that non compliance is found this procedure shall be revised or a project specific procedure shall be written.
The dye penetrant method of inspection with spotcheck is a nondestructive test for defects open to the surface. Water at 60f to 110f and a pressure not exceeding 30 psi 210 kpa is applied with droplet type sprayer specifically designed for penetrant removal. This test method is also nondestructive ndt and does not damage the tested parts. Liquid penetrant testing, industrial process, mathematical modeling. Recently, equipment to fully automate the visual inspection stage of the process, by robotic handling of the specimen on a programmed procedure with television camera viewing and pattern. Liquid penetrant inspection liquid penetrant testing. These systems can be broken down into hydrophilic systems or lipophilic systems depending on which test needs to take place. The penetrant manufacturers recommendations and written procedure should be followed. Overview of liquid penetrant inspection and magnetic particle.
Introduction nondestructive inspections ndi in short have been and are still an area of great interest and importance for aviation industry. Other nondestructive methods cover a specific area or location and must then be repeated to cover other areas or locations. A clean, relatively smooth surface is needed for success ful penetrant inspection. Ko17 saves time for weldment inspection allowing the inspection to take place at preheated temperatures. Modular penetrant equipment for largescale and highvolume processes. Liquid penetrant inspection often abbreviated pt, fpi or lpi is a nondestructive inspection method that provides detection of flaws open to the surface. Level 1 general theory n basic principles of liquid penetrant inspection n safety precautions n surface preparation. Each of abovementioned technique can be applied with one of the following methods.
Sae ams 2644 inspection material, penetrant covers the qualification, classification, and test procedures for all liquid penetrant test materials. Liquid penetrant testing is one of the oldest and simplest ndt methods. They may be effectively used in the inspection of both ferrous and nonferrous metals and on nonporous, nonmetallic materials, such as ceramics, plastics and glass. Liquid penetrant testing in asme with different technique. Ndt procedure for liquid penetrant inspection trinity ndt.